Features of central sensitisation in patients with shoulder pain : A feasibility study

Design. A case-control feasibility study, comparing people with unilateral shoulder pain and pain free controls. Background. Previous studies have suggested that central sensitisation (CS) may be present in people with shoulder pain, mostly based on testing of nociception rather than mechanosensitivity, both of which can change as part of CS. Changes in mechanosensitivity are important for physiotherapy, which often involves non-noxious mechanoreceptor stimulation. Objectives. This study tested sensitivity to arangea range of mechanical stimuli potentially associated with CS in people with and without shoulder pain, compared to asymptomatic individuals. It was hypothesised that if CS was present, the response to mechanoreceptor stimulation would be increased. Methods. Both shoulders in both groups were tested for sensitivity of static and dynamic touch, vibration and punctate stimulation, plus temporal summation and pressure pain threshold (PPT). Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, pain scales, PainDETECT for neuropathic pain, and QuickDASH for upper limb function. Results. PPT was found to be significantly lower in the affected compared to the unaffected shoulders (p<0.003), but no other statistically significant between-group differences were found. Conclusion. This study found a lowered PPT in people with unilateral shoulder pain compared with asymptomatic individuals, but no evidence of a heightened response to other forms of mechanoreceptor stimulation. The study protocol was suitable for future studies and the required participant numbers were established. The variation in findings between studies suggests that a larger longitudinal study may be warranted .Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Identifying the Effect of Data Breach Publicity on Information Security Awareness using Hierarchical Regression

© 2021 IEEE. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/The technological evolution has formed new challenges for organizations to safeguard their information as digital assets. Information Security Awareness (ISA) is the cognitive state where individuals comprehend information security, threats, and the capability to develop preventive strategies. Prior studies discovered that human mistakes or misbehavior is the most vulnerable link in information security due to insufficient security awareness. There were massive data breaches reported throughout the years globally. Literature shows that individuals will develop their evaluations of risks and sense of security awareness when receiving security risk information such as data breach incidents. These indications motivated us to examine the effect of an unexplored factor, that is, data breach publicity (DBR) on ISA. The purpose of this research is to discover if DBR significantly improves a model's ability to predict ISA and its magnitude in influencing ISA. A 3-stage hierarchical linear regression approach was used to build up the model with prior known influential factors to predict ISA. To the extent of our knowledge, there is no study reported to date regarding the implication of DBR on ISA. Our main findings reveal that DBR significantly explains 6.7% of ISA and achieves the highest coefficient comparing with prior known factors. Our research contributes to a novel discovery of a new factor that significantly influences ISA and its magnitude in increasing ISA. This discovery implies the need to incorporate the knowledge of data breach incidents into ISA-related educative programs or strategies to increase ISA.Peer reviewe

The Effect of Agenda for Change on the Career Progression of the Radiographic Workforce 2009

Report compiled by the University of Hertfordshire in collaboration with the Inst for Employment Studies and Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust for the Society and College of RadiographersFinal Published versio

Broadening Responsibilities: Consideration Of The Potential To Broaden The Role Of Uniformed Fire Service Employees

What is this report about? This report, commissioned by the National Joint Council for Local Authority Fire and Rescue Services (NJC), aims to identify what impact, if any, firefighters can have on the delivery of emergency medical response and wider community health interventions in the UK. What are the overall conclusions? Appropriately trained and equipped firefighters co-responding1 to targeted, specific time critical medical events, such as cardiac arrest, can improve patient survival rates. The data also indicate that there is support from fire service staff – and a potential need from members of the public, particularly the elderly, isolated or vulnerable – to expand ‘wider work’. This includes winter warmth assessments, Safe and Well checks, community defibrillator training and client referrals when staff believe someone may have dementia, are vulnerable or even, for example, have substance dependencies such as an alcohol addiction. However, there is currently insufficient data to estimate the net benefit of this work

Exercise Beliefs and Behaviours of Individuals with Joint Hypermobility Syndrome/ Ehlers Danlos Syndrome-Hypermobility Type

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in Disability & Rehabilitation on 10 November 2017, available online at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1398278. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupPurpose: To explore exercise beliefs and behaviours of individuals with Joint Hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome – hypermobility type and to explore patient experiences of physiotherapy.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire survey design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from adult members of the Hypermobility Syndromes Association and Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Support UK. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Qualitative data was analysed thematically.Results: 946 questionnaires were returned and analysed. Participants who received exercise advice from a physiotherapist were 1.75 more likely to report high volumes of weekly exercise (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30–2.36, p < 0.001) than those with no advice. Participants who believed that exercise is important for long-term management were 2.76 times more likely to report a high volume of weekly exercise compared to the participants who did not hold this belief (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.38–5.50, p = 0.004). Three themes emerged regarding experience of physiotherapy; physiotherapist as a partner, communication – knowledge, experience and safety.Conclusion: Pain, fatigue and fear are common barriers to exercise. Advice from a physiotherapist and beliefs about the benefits of exercise influenced the reported exercise behaviours of individuals with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome – hypermobility type in this survey.Peer reviewe

Digital video multiplexing architecture

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

The effects of different personal data categories on information privacy concern and disclosure

© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102453The potential threats of exposing personal data associated with online services have been a reason for concern, and individuals as customers may decline to disclose their data due to trust issues. Literature has shown evidence that greater transparency in the types and purposes of data requested encourages individuals to disclose personal data. This evidence indicates a need to examine the characteristics of personal information practices. Furthermore, current data privacy regulations recognize the presence of different data characteristics such as location-specific, health-specific, and financial-specific. Yet, current legislations are formed to identify personal data as a singular category regardless of the requirements, including the specification of processed personal data to be relevant and limited to what is necessary for enabling service functions. Without categorization, measuring “relevant” and “necessary” can be ambiguous. Several pieces of researches have explored the impact of personal information type and sensitivity level on privacy concern and disclosure; however, most of them lacked an in-depth examination of data categorization with systematic validation. Our study aims to fill this gap, and additionally further look into how contextual demographic factors influence the perception on information privacy concern and disclosure of different personal data categories from a Malaysian perspective. Our study provides new evidence of validated personal data categories and their significant differences in perceived information privacy concern and disclosure intention. Our research finding also discovers that Age, Gender, and Working Industry, as demographic factors, have significant effects on disclosure intention associated with Tracking, Finance, Authenticating, and Medical-health information.Peer reviewe

An evaluation of different user aspects and comparison between a paper‐based and an electronic portfolio for undergraduate paramedic students

© 2021 University of Hertfordshire.Peer reviewe

Compliance to personal data protection principles: : A study of how organizations frame privacy policy notices

Hui Na Chua, Anthony Herbland, Siew Fan Wong, and Younghoon Chang, 'Compliance to personal data protection principles: A study of how organizations frame privacy policy notices', Telematics and Informatics, Vol. 34 (4): 157-170, July 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.008. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This study examines how organizations in Malaysia frame their privacy policy notice to comply with the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA, 2010) and if these organizations differ in their level of compliance and the readability of their privacy notices. We collected the online privacy polices of 306 organizations from 12 sectors to assess their readability and compliance with PDPA requirements. The results show that private-owned organizations have higher compliance level compared to public-owned organizations. Sectors that hold more personal sensitive data obtain higher compliance scores. Non-governmental organizations demonstrate higher compliance level compared to government-owned organizations. Despite differences in the compliance scores, most organizations fail to meet the requirements of the PDPA. Our study also reveals that readability has a negative correlation with the compliance score because simple and shorter version of the privacy policies often lack detailed information. Our findings provide valuable insights into organizations’ privacy policy compliance across different sectors in Malaysia. Specifically, the Malaysian authority should implement more effective mechanisms to enforce the compliance of the PDPA. Organizations should also take corrective actions to improve the compliance scores of their online privacy policies.Peer reviewe

The use of videos in blended learning to enhance students' learning in systems-based patient assessment with development of associated clinical skills : an analysis

Background: Many healthcare programmes require students to learn practical skills that involve the physical assessment of patients. Videos of clinical skills can reinforce this learning . Aim: To develop and evaluate the usefulness of video learning resources relating to clinical skills in patient assessment. Method: Videos demonstrating approaches to patient assessment were developed to support third year pharmacy undergraduates (n=113) undertaking a module in Patient Assessment. These were evaluated as a learning resource, via a structured questionnaire and by weekly reflective diaries. Results: Out of 85 (75%) respondents, 73% (n=62) viewed the videos as a positive supplement for learning and 79% (n=67) acknowledged these as an invaluable revision aid. Over 90% (n=77) found the videos extremely useful in the learning of communication skills. Conclusion: Videos engage and enhance the student learning experience and may provide a sustainable resource for the support and training of teaching staff.Peer reviewe